Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have discovered that patients in the Ashkenazi Jewish population with Crohn’s disease are more likely to carry the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutation, known to be a major genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease. The study’s findings, published in the January 10, 2018, issue of Science Translational Medicine, could help doctors better understand Crohn’s disease, determine specifically who’s at risk, and develop new drugs for treatment and prevention by targeting this specific gene.
Crohn’s disease is a complex disorder with multiple genes and environmental factors involved, which disproportionally affects individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. The presence of shared LRRK2 mutations in patients with Crohn’s disease and Parkinson’s disease provides refined insight into disease mechanisms and may have major implications for the treatment of these two seemingly unrelated diseases.
Identifying genetic mutations associated with disease risk is an effective way to better understand disease mechanisms, identify individuals at risk, and develop novel drug targets to treat the disease. Our research may also help identify individuals who would benefit the most of LRRK2-directed therapies, thereby contributing to the field of personalized medicine.
– Inga Peter, PhD, Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Dr. Peter and a team of Mount Sinai Investigators used international data from the last decade up to the present to analyze the occurrence of 230,000 coding genetic mutations in the human genome of 2,066 patients with Crohn’s disease and compared them to 3,633 people without the disorder. All were of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. When they discovered a link between Crohn’s and the LRRK2 gene mutations, they went further to assess the possible genetic link between Crohn’s and Parkinson’s. The team then looked at a much larger sample of 24,570 people including patients with Crohn’s, Parkinson’s, and no disease at all, each group consisting of Jewish and non-Jewish patients.
The study found two mutations of the LRRK2 gene in Crohn’s disease patients. One of them – the “risk” mutation – was more common in patients with Crohn’s, while the other – the “protective” mutation – was more prevalent in patients without the disease. Most Crohn’s disease patients who carried the risk mutation developed the disease on average six years earlier than those who did not carry this mutation. The research also shows that more Crohn’s patients with the risk mutation developed the disease in the small intestine, compared to those without the mutation. If the disease starts in the small intestine, it becomes more difficult to manage and often leads to complications and surgeries. It’s important to note that the effect of these mutations was observed in both Ashkenazi Jewish populations and non-Jewish populations.
Defining the biology of naturally occurring protective mutations is quite important, because they define desired outcomes for potentially new therapies.
– Judy H. Cho, MD, Director of the Sanford Grossman Center for Integrative Studies in Crohn’s disease, and the Charles F. Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
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