New Findings from Columbia University Describe Advances in Robotics

By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Journal of Mathematics -- Investigators publish new report on Robotics. According to news reporting originating in New York City, New York, by VerticalNews journalists, research stated, "This paper investigates algorithms for enabling surgical slave robots to autonomously explore shape and stiffness of surgical fields. The paper addresses methods for estimating shape and impedance parameters of tissue and methods for autonomously exploring perceived impedance during tool interaction inside a tissue cleft."

The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Columbia University, "A hybrid force-motion controller and a cycloidal motion path are proposed to address shape exploration. An adaptive exploration algorithm for segmentation of surface features and a predictor-corrector algorithm for exploration of deep features are introduced based on discrete impedance estimates. These estimates are derived from localized excitation of tissue coupled with simultaneous force measurements. Shape estimation is validated in ex-vivo bovine tissue and attains surface estimation errors of less than 2.5 mm with force sensing resolutions achievable with current technologies in minimally invasive surgical robots. The effect of scan patterns on the accuracy of the shape estimate is demonstrated by comparing the shape estimate of a Cartesian raster scan with overlapping cycloid scan pattern. It is shown that the latter pattern filters the shape estimation bias due to frictional drag forces. Surface impedance exploration is validated to successfully segment compliant environments on flexible inorganic models. Simulations and experiments show that the adaptive search algorithm reduces overall time requirements relative to the complexity of the underlying structures. Finally, autonomous exploration of deep features is demonstrated in an inorganic model and ex-vivo bovine tissue. It is shown that estimates of least constraint based on singular value decomposition of locally estimated tissue stiffness can generate motion to accurately follow a tissue cleft with a predictor-corrector algorithm employing alternating steps of position and admittance control."

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: "We believe that these results demonstrate the potential of these algorithms for enabling 'smart' surgical devices capable of autonomous execution of intraoperative surgical plans."

For more information on this research see: Algorithms for autonomous exploration and estimation in compliant environments. Robotica, 2013;31():71-87. Robotica can be contacted at: Cambridge Univ Press, 32 Avenue Of The Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA. (Cambridge University Press - www.cambridge.org; Robotica - journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=ROB)

Our news correspondents report that additional information may be obtained by contacting R.E. Goldman, Columbia University, Dept. of Biomed Engn, New York, NY 10027, United States.

Keywords for this news article include: Robotics, Algorithms, Nano-robot, New York City, United States, Machine Learning, Emerging Technologies, North and Central America

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